C is middle-level programming language which was developed at Bell Lab in 1972 by Dennis Ritchie. C language combines the features of Low level as well as High-level Language. Hence its considered a middle-level Language.
On the other hand, C++ is a computer programming language that contains the feature of C programming language as well as Simula67( a first object Oriented language). C++ introduced the concept of Class and Objects.
It is machine-independent, structured programming language which is used extensively in various applications. C was the basics language to write everything from operating systems (Windows and many others) to complex programs like the Oracle database, Git, Python interpreter and more.
Microsoft's Windows kernel is developed mostly in C, with some parts in assembly language. For decades, the world's most used operating system, with about 90 percent of the market share, has been powered by a kernel written in C.
C++ is a high-level programming language developed by Bjarne Stroustrup at Bell Labs beginning in 1979.
C++ allows procedural programming for intensive functions of CPU and to provide control over hardware, and this language is very fast because of which it is widely used in developing different games or in gaming engines. C++ mainly used in developing the suites of a game tool.
C++ has more syntax rules and other programming conventions, while Python aims to imitate the regular English language. When it comes to their use cases, Python is the leading language for machine learning and data analysis, and C++ is the best option for game development and large systems.
C++ is certainly a larger language than C, and C++ provides direct support for the object-oriented paradigm. It takes longer to learn C++ than to learn C. C is better for some things, and C++ is better for other things. It depends what you need to do, and what programming paradigm you choose to use in a given project.
There is no need to learn C before learning C++. They are different languages. It is a common misconception that C++ is in some way dependent on C and not a fully specified language on its own. Just because C++ shares a lot of the same syntax and a lot of the same semantics, does not mean you need to learn C first.
It all depends on practice, of course, but there's really a lot to learn in C++. However, in some aspects, C++ is actually a more simplistic language (it's more straightforward, it abstracts from the bare machine way less than Java). But that very thing is one of the reasons why learning C++ is harder.